falsifiabilitylisted

# Falsifiability ## Overview A meaningful empirical claim must specify what observations would refute it. Claims that resist all possible refutation are not science — they are unfalsifiable belief. Formalized by Karl Popper (1934): science progresses not by accumulating confirmations but by surviving rigorous attempts at falsification. More-specific claims are more falsifiable; ad-hoc modifications that explain away failures destroy a claim's scientific status. Composes with [`confirmation-bias`](../confirmation-bias/SKILL.md) (falsifiability is the structural counter), [`abductive-reasoning`](../abductive-reasoning/SKILL.md) (generates hypotheses; this skill tests them), [`bayesian-reasoning`](../bayesian-reasoning/SKILL.md), [`critical-thinking`](../critical-thinking/SKILL.md). ## When to Use - Designing OKRs, KPIs, or strategic goals; writing or evaluating investment theses - Designing experiments (A/B tests, product hypotheses, market entry) - Evaluating consultant/advisor recommendations or diagnosing vague leadership claims - Someone says "what would change your mind," "how would you know you're wrong," "Popper" **Not when:** genuinely non-empirical (philosophical, ethical, aesthetic); test cost exceeds its value. ## Coaching Novices (Adaptive Front Door) - **Engine mode:** user has a specific claim → run The Process directly. - **Coach mode:** user is new → guide step by step. In Coach mode, respond one step at a time. Each [WAIT] is a hard stop — output only