book-academiclisted

# Academic Writing Patterns **Structure types by discipline**: - Sciences: IMRAD — Introduction → Methods → Results → Discussion - Social sciences: Modified IMRAD + Theory Framework + Literature Review - Humanities: Thesis → Evidence chapters → Synthesis → Conclusion - Thesis/Dissertation: Abstract → Introduction → Background/Lit Review → Methodology → Results/Findings → Discussion → Conclusion → References → Appendices **Literature review**: Organize by theme (not chronologically). Structure: establish field → identify gap → position this work. For each source: claim + methodology + limitation + relevance. Synthesis matrix: rows = themes, columns = sources, cells = positions. **Argument chain**: Claim → Evidence → Warrant (connects evidence to claim) → Backing (supports warrant) → Qualifier (scope/limits) → Rebuttal (anticipate counter). Every chapter thesis supports the central thesis. Chapter thesis = topic sentence + position + scope. **Citation practices**: Inline citation for (author, year). Block quote for >40 words. Paraphrase preferred over direct quote. Primary sources for claims, secondary for context. Citation density: 2-5 per paragraph in lit review, 0-1 in methods/results. **Abstract formula**: Context (1-2 sentences) → Gap (1 sentence) ��� Purpose (1 sentence) → Method (1-2 sentences) → Key finding (1-2 sentences) → Significance (1 sentence). Total: 150-300 words. **Paragraph structure**: Topic sentence (claim) → Evidence/analysis (2-4 sentences) → Conclu