res-survey-designlisted

# Survey Design ## Sampling plan - First distinguish the survey's purpose: **proportion estimation** vs. **group comparison** — the math differs. - Minimum sample for proportion estimation: at 95% confidence, ±5% margin, assuming p=0.5 → **n≈384** (a benchmark independent of population size). ±3% requires n≈1067. - Group comparison: minimum 100 per group; for a medium effect size (d=0.5), n≈64 per group. - Proportional allocation: distribute to match population distribution (age, region, channel). **Bias arises from the sampling procedure, not the sample itself** — randomness and channel diversification are key. ## Question design principles - 1 question = 1 concept. No double negatives, no jargon. - Options: MECE + "other (specify)" + "don't know" kept separate — folding "don't know" into "other" skews the distribution. - Order bias: split key evaluation questions before and after explanations to test the priming effect. Past-behavior questions are more accurate than attitude questions. - One consistent scale: use a single 5-point Likert throughout; add 2 bipolar items to test response consistency. - Pilot n=20–30: check drop-off points, completion time, and ambiguous items, then revise. ## Bias checks Non-response bias (compare respondents vs. non-respondents) · self-selection bias (diversify recruiting channels) · social desirability bias (state anonymity explicitly, place sensitive questions later). ## Output ``` # Survey Instrument — {purpose} ## Sampling design (pop