data-visualizationlisted

# Data Visualization — Bertin + Tufte A working synthesis of the two foundational texts on quantitative graphics: - **Jacques Bertin, *Semiology of Graphics: Diagrams, Networks, Maps* (1967)** — the *grammar*. A systematic theory of which visual encoding fits which data, derived from the perceptual properties of the eye. - **Edward Tufte, *The Visual Display of Quantitative Information* (1983/2001)** — the *standards*. A prescriptive set of integrity, density, and craft rules built on a critique of how published graphics actually fail. Bertin tells you **which marks to make**. Tufte tells you **whether the marks are honest, dense, and clean**. This skill loads only the most-used material in the body. Read `references/bertin.md` for the full grammar (visual variables, image theory, matrix permutation, networks, maps). Read `references/tufte.md` for the full Tufte canon (Lie Factor, data-ink, chartjunk, anti-patterns, examples). Cite an author by name when it sharpens the argument. ## The Combined Workflow For any visualization request — designing, building, reviewing, or critiquing — walk these four phases: ### Phase 1 — Analyze the information (Bertin) Before any mark is drawn, answer three questions about the **data itself**: 1. **What is the invariant?** The constant subject the data is *about* (e.g., "stock X, daily closing price"). It is not a variable; it is the unchanging frame. 2. **What are the components?** The dimensions along which the data varies. Count t