unit-economics

# Unit economics The question is simple and usually unanswered: does one more customer make the business better off, and how long does that take? ## Build it in this order 1. **Define the unit.** A customer, an account, a seat, an order. State it, because most disagreements about unit economics are disagreements about the unit. 2. **Contribution margin** — revenue per unit minus the costs that vary with it. Include everything that actually varies: payment processing, hosting attributable to usage, support load, delivery, third-party fees. Understating variable cost is the single most common error and it flatters everything downstream. 3. **Acquisition cost** — fully loaded. All sales and marketing spend, including salaries, divided by customers acquired in the same period. Excluding people costs is the second most common error and typically understates by half or more. 4. **Payback period** — acquisition cost divided by monthly contribution. This is the number that governs how fast you can grow without financing it. 5. **Lifetime value** — contribution × expected lifetime, from observed retention. Not from a churn-rate assumption chosen because it produces a good ratio. ## Read it honestly - **Ratios hide the constraint.** A healthy lifetime-value ratio with a long payback still means growth consumes cash faster than it produces it. Payback governs the growth rate; the ratio governs whether it is worth doing at all. - **Segment before concludi...