backendtesting-guide

# 后端测试编写指南 ## 测试要求（强制） > **职责边界**：Backend Agent 是测试的**编写者**，QA Agent 是测试的**验证者**。 ### 测试金字塔 | 测试类型 | 占比 | 要求 | |----------|------|------| | **单元测试** | ~70% | Service 层、业务逻辑必须有测试 | | **集成测试** | ~20% | API 端点、数据库操作测试 | | **E2E 测试** | ~10% | **必须编写**，完整 API 流程测试 | ## 单元测试编写 ### Service 层测试 ```typescript // services/userService.test.ts import { UserService } from './userService'; import { UserRepository } from '../repositories/userRepository'; jest.mock('../repositories/userRepository'); describe('UserService', () => { let userService: UserService; let userRepository: jest.Mocked<UserRepository>; beforeEach(() => { userRepository = new UserRepository() as jest.Mocked<UserRepository>; userService = new UserService(userRepository); }); describe('getById', () => { it('returns user when found', async () => { const mockUser = { id: '1', name: 'Alice', email: 'alice@example.com' }; userRepository.findById.mockResolvedValue(mockUser); const result = await userService.getById('1'); expect(result).toEqual(mockUser); expect(userRepository.findById).toHaveBeenCalledWith('1'); }); it('throws NotFoundError when user not found', async () => { userRepository.findById.mockResolvedValue(null); await expect(userService.getById('999')).rejects.toThrow('User not found'); }); }); describe('create', () => { it('creates user with valid data', async () => { const createData = { name: 'Bob', email: '...