ia-python-serviceslisted

# Python Services & CLI ## Modern Tooling | Tool | Replaces | Purpose | |------|----------|---------| | **uv** | pip, virtualenv, pyenv, pipx | Package/dependency management | | **ruff** | flake8, black, isort | Linting + formatting | | **ty** | mypy, pyright | Type checking (Astral, faster) | - `uv init --package myproject` for distributable packages, `uv init` for apps - `uv add <pkg>`, `uv add --group dev <pkg>`, never edit pyproject.toml deps manually - `uv run <cmd>` instead of activating venvs -- auto-activates the venv without explicit activation - `uv add --upgrade <pkg>` to upgrade a single package without touching others - `uv tree --outdated` to preview what would be upgraded before committing - `uv.lock` goes in version control - Use `[dependency-groups]` (PEP 735) for dev/test/docs, not `[project.optional-dependencies]` - PEP 723 inline metadata for standalone scripts with deps - `ruff check --fix . && ruff format .` for lint+format in one pass **Standard project layout:** ``` src/mypackage/ __init__.py main.py services/ models/ tests/ conftest.py test_main.py pyproject.toml ``` See [cli-tools.md](./references/cli-tools.md) for Click patterns, argparse, and CLI project layout. ## Parallelism | Workload | Approach | |----------|----------| | Many concurrent I/O calls | `asyncio` (gather, create_task) | | CPU-bound computation | `multiprocessing.Pool` or `concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor` | | Mixed I/O + CPU | `asyncio.to_thread